What is the science called that focuses on lowering the temperature of immediate surroundings?

The science that focuses on lowering the temperature of immediate surroundings is known as air conditioning. Air conditioning systems are designed to control not just temperature, but also humidity and air quality within a space. By circulating air and removing heat, these systems create a comfortable indoor environment, particularly in regions with hot climates.

While refrigeration is a related concept primarily concerned with preserving food and other perishable items by maintaining low temperatures, it is typically applied in specific equipment like refrigerators and freezers rather than broadly referring to the comfort of entire spaces.

Humidification and dehumidification deal with the moisture content of the air. Humidification adds moisture, while dehumidification removes it. While both can indirectly affect temperature perception and comfort, they do not primarily aim to lower ambient temperature in the way that air conditioning does.